Introduction . There Are Several Different Types Of Crimes

Introduction There are several different types of crimes committed against the elderly. A person is usually defined as elderly when he or she turns sixty-five or retires. The elderly population makes up a significant part of the United States population. Also, the population is expanding as the baby boomer generation began to retire. The baby boomer generation has raised some concern, because it is suspected that the baby boomer generation will be wealthier than in the past. This could lead to an increase in crimes committed against the elderly. Crimes committed against the elderly included property crimes, abuse, neglect, and fraud. The crimes are serious and can lead to finical loss, physical pain, and health problems. It is†¦show more content†¦This number only included reported finical abuse cases. Financial abuse occurs in three different ways. The first form of finical abuse committed against the elderly is misconception. The elderly are tricked in to giving their money to strangers. This type of finical abuse involves cons and scams. An example of this can be an elderly person paying shipping taxes for a prize they one. However, there is no prize and someone pockets the money. Sadly, this type of finical abuse is most common and the number of reported scams and cons doubled from 7% in 2008 to 14% in 2010 (Shilling, 61). The second type of finical abuse is Fraud. According to Financial Elder Abuse by Dana Shilling, â€Å"51 % of frauds were committed by strangers, and 34% by family, and neighbors (59).† There have been many case of fraud against the elderly including AARP, Medicaid, and Medicare fraud. The elderly are not receiving the benefits from these companies due to fraud. The third type of finical crime is occupation. This type of crime is based on the need for money. A family, caregiver, or friend exploits the elderly for money or a place to live. The elderly may not realize that the caregiver is using them or using their money for personal gain. This type of finical abuse is common and usually unreported. (Shilling) Elderly Neglect Elderly neglect occurs when basic needs are not being meet.Show MoreRelatedCriminal Motivation in Robert Agnews General Strain Theory Essay838 Words   |  4 Pagesstrain or stress is the major source of criminal motivation. He expands upon Merton’s Anomie Theory of strain and stress to include several causes of strain or stress. Agnew categorizes 3 types of strain that produce deviance: the failure to achieve positively valued goals, the loss of positive stimuli, and the introduction of negative stimuli. There are several different actions that can be taken to correct the strain in order to curb deviance, including exercise, counseling, and advocacy programsRead MoreUnique Juvenile Situations Faced by Correctional Officers1315 Words   |  6 PagesDEALING WITH JUVENILES Unique Situations When Dealing With Juveniles Corrections Professor Sunshine Richards Juvenile crime rates have been a main concern for law enforcement officials throughout the past several decades. â€Å"Over the past several decades, the number of juvenile arrests have been relatively stable except for increases in juvenile violent crime, as murder arrests for juvenile offenders increased by 93 percent during the 1980s and arrests for aggravated assault increased byRead MoreThe Influence of Defendant Gender and Crime Types towards Juror Decisions981 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION The influence of defendant gender and crime types towards juror decisions. Jury trials play a centrally important role in the law, therefore it is crucial for the juror to stay neutral in making decision. However, several research shows that stereotyping is one of the most debatable issues related to juries’ decision (Bornstein Greene, 2011). In refer to Bornstein and Greene (2011), the stereotype that females and males generally labelled in specific crime be likely to be true in theRead MoreHoward S Becker1318 Words   |  6 PagesHoward Becker SOC 101: Introduction to Sociology Professor Smith March 4, 2012 Howard S. Becker Howard Becker was a famous American sociologist. He made several contributions in the fields of occupations, education, deviance and art and made several studies in those fields. He particularly made several studies in the field of social deviance and occupations. Most of studies went into the interactions between criminal people and regular people. Many of these studies included the criminalRead MorePolice Agencies Implement Community Policing, And Problem Oriented Policing Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Do Canadian police agencies implement community policing, and problem oriented policing? and if so do they work? In this paper, this paper will examine the two different styles of policing in a contemporary society. Community policing where the main emphasis is that the police and the community work together on issues, and problem-oriented policing where the police try and understand specific issues within the community. It will also examine several examples of different policingRead MoreIs Criminal Behaviour Inherited or Learned?1429 Words   |  6 Pagesis one of the first scholars that developed ideas to explain the reasons why some people behaved more deviant than others or committed crimes. Lombroso conducted research on several prisoners measuring facial features and skull size. He later published a book called â€Å"the criminal man in 1876† (Dwyer, 2001 p.15). Lombroso believed that there was two different types of human beings, those who had evolved properly and an other which did not. They were more primitive and had a tendency to be violent andRead MoreSecurity Of Computer And Internet Crimes1628 Words   |  7 PagesAloysius L. Keaton Paper #1 Security to Stop Computer and Internet Crimes Introduction The computer and the Internet are important tools used by many people all around the world. Usually the computer and internet are used for information. In today’s society it is being used for unlawful activities. It is being used to distribute child pornography, money laundering, credit card fraud; identify theft, and all other types of crimes. Hackers are people who use their computer skills to harm societyRead MoreCombating Organized Crime1018 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussion in regards to which method of approach would be best suited to target organized crime. Should law enforcement supplement traditional police enforcement with additional officers and prisons, or are new enforcement approaches required to combat organized crime? The shortfalls of traditional police enforcement will be discussed, as will the evaluation of new approaches for the regulation of organized crime. Topics of proactive measures, rather than reactive, will be addressed. Suggested methodsRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Not Morally Permissible?1231 Words   |  5 Pages  For thousands of years, punishment for crime has been met with several different styles of execution. In 1976, the United States government reinstalled the death penalty four short years after having banned it claiming that it violated the Constitution s ban on cruel and unusual punishment (MacKinnon, Ethics 289). Since 1 976, the morality of execution as just punishment has been a highly discussed topic. The death penalty is not morally permissible because dissolving one s basic human rightRead MoreDevelopmental Theories714 Words   |  3 Pages Developmental Theories Introduction Developmental theories are propositions that view crimes, holding the perception that as people undergo life transitions, their experiences influence their behavioral characteristics and patterns. These inevitable behavioral characteristics do change at different points of life. They are also used to seek out the identification, description and comprehension of the factors explaining the inception and continuation of criminal professions. The theories also

Shanghai Disneyland Roller Coaster Free-Samples-Myassignment.Com

Question: Discuss about the Disneyland and the Stakeholders. Answer: Executive Summary The project proposal is prepared for Shanghai Disneyland Roller Coaster and has it acts as the first step for the success of the roller coaster project. The main objective of the project is to build an amusement park for the Shang Hai government and increase the economy of the government by attracting more number of foreign visitors. The project can help the government to improve the local economy and increase the standard of living of the local community. The project plan is developed after a market analysis on its major competitors and the requirement of the user and. The background of the project is analyzed for finding the requirement and propose the appropriate ride that can be implemented in the fairground for taking the park in the leading market position. The stakeholders involved in the project is also analyzed for analyzing the requirement and find the cost and the time that would be allocated for the development of the project. The budget allocated for the project developm ent is 22.4 billion and it is required to be completed within this allocated budget. The different risk associated with the development of the project is also analyzed for finding the potential impact of the risk for the development of the project. The safety issues of the roller coaster program is analyzed and they are mitigated with the creation of a risk management plan. Background The project is developed for Shang Hai and the main aim of the project is to develop an amusement park for the Shang Hai government. The park should have a rides and entertainment for all age groups and it should attract local and foreign visitors. The Project is developed at a share of 54% for the Shang Hai government and 43% for the Walt Disney. The local economy is required to be improved with the development of the project. The main attraction of the park is the rollercoaster and it should be unique to attract visitors from foreign country (Padilla-MelNdez, Del Aguila-Obra and Garrido-Moreno 2013). The proposed budget for the development of the project is 22.4 billion and the cost of the project is required to be recovered within tenure of 10 years. The resources required for the successful development of the project is required to be analyzed and a project schedule is required to be prepared by involving the stakeholders associated with the project. The project is planned in suc h a way that it should be able to reduce the queue and the visitors can book the rides using their smart phone application and enjoy unlimited rides in the fairground. The safety and the regular checkup program for the rides are also included in the project for preparing an efficient solution for the development of the project. Overall Aim and Purpose Project Scope: The fairground of the Shang Hai amusement park needs modification for attracting more number of visitors and gain more profit from it. The deployment of the roller coaster in the fairground would attract more number of visitors and the project is required to be developed in large scale to take the leading position in the amusement park industry. The deployment of a large scale roller coaster would attract foreign visitors and help the Shang Hai government to improve the economy. Limitations/ Exclusion from the Project: The creation of a user manual for the riders is important for the project but it can be developed after the successful development of the project. It can be excluded from the current project development phase and can be added later for decrease the development time and cost. The skills and knowledge of the staffs regarding the project development also acts as a limitation of the project but they can be provided with proper training to handle the project development. Assumptions It is assumed that the designated timeline is enough for the successful development of the project. The resources required for the development of the project would be available on time and the project manage can handle the employees and resources efficiently. It also assumed that the project manager would use a proper communication plan for communicating with the stakeholders associated with the project and have a good leading skill for motivating the team members for developing the project. Aims The main aim of the development of the Shang Hai Disneyland Roller Coaster project are as follows: To develop the local economy by engaging the local people in different job role at the amusement park. To become the leading entertainment provider in the country and grab the entertainment provider market opportunity To attract more number of foreign and local tourist in the coming years to increase its business Objectives The main purpose of the project are as follows: To become responsible towards the society and the environment and use the environmental resources efficiently for the development of the park. To build an amusement park for the local and the international community and gain a major part of the market share in the next one year of the opening of the amusement part. To gain profit from the park and increase the market share in the next five years is also essential for the growth of their business. Project Objectives The main objectives of the project for developing the Shanghai Disneyland roller coaster plan are as follows: The authority of the amusement park is required to change the layout of the plan and implement new rides for attracting more customer and serve the customers according to their needs. The park should have a waste management plan for gathering all the waste generated from the visitors and become ecofriendly. The park is required to develop a smart phone application for managing the queues and buy tickets from online and avail discount and coupon for creating a good customer relationship. To develop an information system for recording all the records of the employees and staffs assigned with the project and increase the efficiency of the project. The roller coaster project is required to be developed according to the project schedule and within the cost and time estimated from the project schedule. Project Outcomes The CEO of Walt Disney needs to build a big fairy ground in Shanghai and for this a project management plan is required to be created which consists of the assigning of resources to the tasks and creation of the budget proposal plan. A project priority matrix is required to be created and it is required to be created before preparation of the project planning. For preparation of the project plan a top down estimation technique is followed and the major task are identified (Zafar, Hasan and Tyagi 2015). The fortification of the thrill ride structure is outsourced to Tron AG as outsourcing of the structure is useful to move obligations to the usage group. Since, the execution group is experienced; in this manner, there are low odds of hazard event. Outsourcing ought to lessen the operation and enrollment cost of the association as it diminishes to contract people in-house (Burke 2013). The communication management is also important for managing and outsourcing. The project manager is r esponsible for assisting the team and creating open relationship for outsourcing the vendor. The cost related for completing each of the activity should be assigned with the task. The gantt chart is prepared for the project with the activity and the resource is required to be levelled such that any of the resource should not ne overloaded (Walker 2015). The predecessor is required to be set according to the availability of the resources and is dependent on the output of the previous task. List of specific outcomes The list of specific outcomes that are expected after the development of the project are as follows: The Government Safety Regulation Board (SRB) has tighten the regulations and ordered a re-examination of all the roller coasters in the country (Leach 2014). One of main attractions of the Walt Disneyland Fairground is the Rock Roller Coaster, and it is required to be free from any types of potential and technical faults. It was ordered to stop for operations until the faults have been rectified. It is imperative for SWL to solve the problems completely to ensure public that is a safe for enjoyment. The management decided to embark on this project called the Roller Coaster Safety (RCS) Project. The processing time required for the development of the project is reduced with the implementation of shared service SA. The outsourcing of the employees can also act as an important factor for reducing the development time. The managers are instructed for reducing the review time incurred in the management activities like reviewing the structure of the roller coaster or reviewing the invoice of the raw material purchased for the development of the project. Identification of the potential faults that exist in Sky Rock Roller Coaster is also an important factor for the successful development of the project. The first and foremost objective with the project is being conducted is the identification of the faults that exist in the Roller Coaster that has currently been installed in the Walt Disney fairground Roller Coaster, such that the solutions to the same can be devised (Draper and Smith 2014). This is essential so as to ensure that no mishaps occur in the park. Development of new architectural design and framework for rectification of the faults identified in the design of the roller coaster is important for the success of the project. Once the existing faults have been identified the project team should emphasize on the process of developing new plans that can be utilized for rectifying the faults. Developing the roller coaster project according to the government rules and regulation for avoiding legal infringement notices. The Roller Coaster should finally be redeveloped in accordance to the plans developed, thus meeting the regulations of Government Safety Regulation Board. The different rules and regulations associated with the development of the project is required to be analyzed for aligning the development process with it. Bibliography Binder, J., 2016.Global project management: communication, collaboration and management across borders. CRC Press. Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA. Cheung, R., and Vogel, D., 2013. Predicting user acceptance of collaborative technologies: An extension of the technology acceptance model for e-learning.Computers and Education,63, 160-175. Draper, N. R., and Smith, H., 2014.Applied regression analysis. John Wiley and Sons. Heagney, J., 2012.Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Heldman, K., 2013.PMP: project management professional exam study guide. John Wiley and Sons. Kerzner, H. R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley and Sons. Leach, L. P., 2014.Critical chain project management. Artech House. Marchewka, J. T., 2014.Information technology project management. John Wiley and Sons. Padilla-MelNdez, A., Del Aguila-Obra, A. R., and Garrido-Moreno, A., 2013. Perceived playfulness, gender differences and technology acceptance model in a blended learning scenario.Computers and Education,63, 306-317. Park, S. Y., Nam, M. W., and Cha, S. B., 2012. University students' behavioral intention to use mobile learning: Evaluating the technology acceptance model.British Journal of Educational Technology,43(4), 592-605. Reiss, G., 2013.Project management demystified: Today's tools and techniques. Routledge. Shields, P. M., and Rangarajan, N., 2013.A playbook for research methods: Integrating conceptual frameworks and project management. New Forums Press. Verzuh, E., 2015.The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley and Sons. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley and Sons. Zafar, M. F., Hasan, T., and Tyagi, V., 2015. Optimization of process parameters for metal removal rate in case of WEMM using Continuous DC supply by Taguchi methods and ANOVA Analysis.

How Does Anne Change Throughout Persuasion Essay Example

How Does Anne Change Throughout Persuasion? Paper This shows her position within her family and how she must be treated by them, also indicating the reasons for her low self-esteem and nervous manner. This situation Is also mirrored by Students style within the first few chapters, where she concentrates her description on Walter and Elizabeth Elliot, further showing Ann.s Inferiority within her own family. Despite this Lady Russell pollen of Anne is very different, as It was only In Anne that she could fancy the mother to revive again, showing that deep inside Anne there was a much ore confident and lively woman looking to break free, but struggling to do so. The major turning point in the novel is during Ann.s trip to Lame and following Louisa accident, it is during this incident that Ann.s true self finally breaks free and that her companions are able to see the real Anne. The first example of this is immediately after Louisa fall when Anne cries for heavens sake go to him. I can support her myself. Leave me, and go to him. Rub her hands, rub her temples; here are salts, take them, take them. This sudden outbreak of control and strength is quite unlike the Anne that Austin had so far described, but shows that In truth Ann.s character has not been explored to Its limits by this stage, and this Is proven by the surprise and disorientation of her acquaintances who rely on her Instructions to deal with the situation. The comparison here is clear, Anne Is reliable and calm whereas the rest of the party fall into a state of hysterical agitations. At this point we see that Anne is clearly much more resilient and determined than one would have guessed from her faded and thin appearance and tenderness of manner, she is a prime example of not Judging a book by its cover. Ann.s display of intelligence and composure at Lame becomes pivotal in her transformation, which is catalysts throughout the novel by her increased rebellion against her family and her development into her own person. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Anne Change Throughout Persuasion? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Anne Change Throughout Persuasion? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Anne Change Throughout Persuasion? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Austin seems to be mirroring Anne to a teenager, who is still discovering herself and learning not to hide behind her family anymore. Although not actually mentioned, Ann.s development goes show these signs, particularly as she grows more confident and begins answering back to her father. Overall, by time her transformation is nearly complete, Anne NAS Decode a very Deterrent person. Foremost, nerd polls Ana convection are much improved as she defies her father, No, Sir, she is not one and thirty; but I do not think I can put off my engagement, when requested to meet with Lady Dillydally. Furthermore, Austin hints that Anne even appears better and that her newly found confidence and vigor makes her less thin in her person, in her cheeks, re skin, her complexion, greatly improved-clearer, fresher, an observation unsurprisingly made by Sir Walter. Of course, Ann.s only true role in life was to uphold her family name and to acquaint herself with Englands aristocracy. This also included finding herself a husband and starting a family which could be as auspicious and distinguished as her own. Therefore, her new lease of life was certainly an advantage in this pursuit and naturally she began to attract the attention of various eligible bachelors. Remarkably, revises to her change, she was unattached, taken for granted and at the age of twenty seven had very few romantic prospects. Interestingly her first encounter with Captain Wentworth at Prosperous was largely uneventful and later Mary explains to Anne that Captain Wentworth felt Anne to be so altered he should not have known you again, showing how he was quite comfortable seeing her again and not at all embarrassed. On the other hand, after spending so much time with her in Lame and Prosperous, Captain Wentworth expression is very different when meeting her in Bath after the incident with Louisa. On this occasion he was less at ease than formerly and was feeling much more embarrassed and stunned by the meeting. However, more likely is that Captain Wentworth was able to see the same woman that he had fallen in love with, before she was persuaded by Lady Russell, before she had dissolved into the background. The reason that the second meeting was so different was not because time had changed him, or Louisa had changed him as Anne suggests, but because she had changed and thus rekindled all of his feelings for her. Moreover, Anne had also been taken to by Mr.. Elliot who thought her a most extraordinary young woman; in her temper, manners, mind, a model of female excellence. Lastly, her evolution also made her much more noticeable amongst other people than previously, where she was no more than a wallflower. For example, Captain Wentworth acquaintances state that she is pretty, I think; Anne Elliot; very pretty, when one comes to look at her. It is not the fashion to say so, but I confess that I admire her more than her sister.

Individualized Education Programs That Support Self Esteem

Individualized Education Programs That Support Self Esteem Self-esteem has fallen from the pinnacle of academic and scientific practice.  There is not necessarily a direct link between self-esteem and academic success. Resilience is getting a great deal of attention because the culture of coddling children for fear of injuring their self-esteem often discourages them from risk-taking, which has been shown to be related to success in school and life. Still, children with disabilities do need some extra attention paid to activities that will build their ability to take those risks, whether we call that resilience or self-esteem.   Self Esteem and Writing Positive Goals for IEPs The IEP, or Individualized Education Program- the document that defines the students special education program- should attend to ways in which instruction is mediated and success is measured that will enhance a childs self-confidence and lead to further success.   Certainly, these activities need to reinforce the kind of academic behavior you want, while at the same time pairing the childs sense of self-worth to success in school activities. If you are writing an IEP to ensure that your students will be successful, you will want to make sure that your goals are based on the students past performance and that they are stated positively. Goals and statements must be relevant to the students needs. Start slowly, choosing only a couple of behaviors at a time to change. Be sure to involve the student, this enables him/her to take responsibility and be accountable for his/her own modifications. Be sure to provide some time to enable the student to track and or graph his/her successes. Accommodations to Develop and Enhance Self-Esteem: Academic expectations will be reduced to ensure success. Be very specific about the exact curricular expectations that will be omitted or modified. Recognize and reward quality performance.Student strengths will be highlighted by recording and sharing evidence of growth.Honest and appropriate feedback will occur on a regular basis.Opportunities for the student to demonstrate strengths will be maximized as often as is possible. This could include, oral presentation and opportunities for the child to share his responses as long as the child is ready and can be successful.The student will be encouraged to become involved in extracurricular activities that support his/her interests and strengths.The student will use a form of personal expression which will include teacher response/feedback through a journal, one to one, or computer entries. Goal-Writing Tips Write goals that can be measured, be specific as to the duration or the circumstance under which the goal will be implemented and use specific time slots when possible. Remember, once the IEP is written, it is imperative that the student is taught the goals and fully understands what the expectations are. Provide him/her with tracking devices, students need to be accountable for their own changes.

The Power of the President Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Power of the President - Assignment Example It changed the way people interacted with their leader and continues to do so to this day. 2. Following the devastation of the Second World War, much of the global economy lay in total ruin. Old orders, ways of thinking, and systems had vanished into rubble and smoke. Many people lived lives of total despair. However, there were a number of brave men and women who decided to look at this crisis as an opportunity and to fashion something new out of the mess. The most important change to make involved the world economic system. And so the Bretton Woods regime was founded on July 1944, in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, by the delegations of the 44 Allied nations with the intent of creating a new financial and economic order, due to the shift of power occurred as a result of the Second World War. The Bretton Woods regime was a result of the events which affected the world economy and political system, starting from the great Depression to the rise of Nationalist dictatorships and finally the Second World War; its declared objective was to ensure prosperity to al l nations, so conflict would never occur again. This foreign policy achievement gave the President of the United States a great deal of power over the world

Exploring Presidental elections and Presidental Power between Research Paper

Exploring Presidental elections and Presidental Power between President Ronald Reagan and President Barack Obama - Research Paper Example During his reign, his administration concluded an important treaty with Soviet Union in order to restrict the intermediate range for nuclear weapons conducted in a proxy war with Nicaragua through the services it offered on the contras. Thus, it invaded the grenade ostensibly to prevent the Soviet Island from becoming an outpost of the Soviet. In 1984, Reagan was re-elected by a huge margin back to the white house. This paper will analyze the presidential powers of Reagan during his reign as the president of the US. Reagan’s taking office that was ushered shortly in his popular acceptance for supply of the side economics both with bellicosity abroad and at home. He was given a political honeymoon after an unsuccessful assassination attempts in 1981. The democrats in the north and the south supported President Reagan’s domestic policy (Cannon 33-35). He therefore instituted a program that focused on phasing out taxes and increasing expenditures on defense of the governme nt. Furthermore, education and welfare budgets were cut, and unanimously accepted, by the congress (Lawson 38). This was a deregulation program of business and a measure of tightening control of information concerned about the government. During his reign, Reagan’s staff contemplated on legislation of the British secret acts until they realized that loyalty was paramount for the detection of the lies. In the foreign policy, other countries were alarmed due to the frank nature of the triumphant of the American rhetoric and determination of the administration in imposing the leadership in America and its priorities. He used his position as the president to pressure for the catapulted movement of the NATO in to order increase expenditures on military. For instance, Reagan affronted even Margaret a staunch supporter to sell grains to USSR to raise money to boost the military. This was like pleasing the agribusiness sector aimed at supporting the US subsidiaries companies that bas ed in Europe. He also managed to prevent Western Europe from importing natural gas, which Russia demanded. The fears of the nuclear weapons receded when Reagan agreed to limit his expenditure on arms talks with Russia and reduced on the tone of the bellicose rhetoric. This progress passed in a summit held in Geneva with Russian president Gorbachev. Reagan’s domestic policies of the US recessed the economy, which meant that his re-election was uncertain. In 1984 November, he got a huge margin of the votes than 1980 election. He exercised peace abroad and gained fame locally. His policy of not ruling but reigning made him famous and extended his congressional action. Furthermore, Reagan presided over for the breakup of USSR claiming victory in the cold war. He was rhetoric a symbolic conservative thinker whose legacy became a strong boom to the economy. He recaptured the national confidence and decayed the spirit of the community that resulted from community inequalities. Most symbolically, he tripled the national debt for US (Owen 235). During his reign for two terms, Reagan sought through all means to reduce domestic programs of the US federal government (Cannon 123). During his first years in office, he adopted the theory of the supply side to stimulate the production and the control of the high inflation by cutting the tax and reducing federal spending. 1982, was the year of major recession

Rituals and festivals Essay Example for Free

Rituals and festivals Essay Rituals and festivals have been a part of traditional European life for many years. They involved all religions, social classes and happened in almost all areas throughout Europe. Back in these times, there were no forms of entertainment like television, cell phones and video games. People depended on one another to entertain themselves. People in Europe would also be punished or tortured in front of the whole town to control public outbursts. An example of this is known as charivari. Some of these festivals and rituals were for political purposes too. Festivals and rituals of traditional European society mainly served as enjoyment, enforcement of public rules, and political purposes in daily life. Festivals and rituals were a type of fun and entertainment for Europeans. In a painting by Pieter Brueghel the Elder, it shows a picture of Europeans at a carnival, enjoying the days before Lent. Usually the days before lent people indulge themselves with alcohol. In the painting, it shows a man wearing a robe with a bucket as a crown of thorns and a stick as his cane. Jesus Christ is being mocked by representing the violence of Lent. This shows that the people are just enjoying the carnival because they are mocking their ruler (Wikipedia). The picture also shows people running around with drinks and food and also playing games with each other (Doc. 3). In a document by R. Lassels, a French traveler, he comments on Italian Carnival customs. He states â€Å"All this festival activity is allowed the Italians that they may give a little vent to their spirits, which have been stifled for a whole year and are ready to choke with gravity and melancholy† (Doc. 5). Since Lassels is from France, it means he really does not know Italians. So the fact that he said that the Italians really enjoy festivals is true because he could tell when he saw them at the carnival since he does not really know them (POV). In a comment made by Baltasar Rusow, a Lutheran pastor, he talks about the saint’s feast day festival. In one part of his comment, he states â€Å"Around these bonfires people danced, sang and leapt with great pleasure, and did not spare the bagpipes† (Doc. 2). This quote shows that the Europeans were enjoying the festival. Baltasar Rusow is a Lutheran pastor, so since it was the saint’s day feast, he probably was there so he saw first-hand how happy the Europeans actually were (POV). Festivals and rituals let Europeans forget all the bad and have fun with each other. When someone did something wrong in a town, the whole village would come and punish them too. In a  stang song from Lincolnshire England, they talked about a man who beat his wife and what they did to him. The song reads â€Å"Old Abram Higback has been beating his good woman; but he neither told her for what or for why, but he up with his fist, and blackened her eye. Now all ye old women, and old women kind, get together and be of a mind; collar him and take him to the out-house, and shove him in. Now if that does not mend his manners, then take his skin to the tanners† (Doc. 9). This shows that if one person is in trouble or was being abused, the whole town would help you get payback. If there were no rituals then he would have gotten away with it. There were also rituals such as charivari that punished Europeans for crimes. Charivari is also known as riding stang. A Russian official wrote about a woman who was ill after her punishment. He stated â€Å"A village policemen brought her before the village assembly, where they hung on her neck the basket of berries she had gathered, and the entire commune led her through the village streets with shout, laughter, songs, and dancing to the noise of washtubs, frying pans, and bells† (Doc. 10). Since the man was the officer that wrote the report, he may have been bias because he may have stretched the truth to make the situation worse than it actually was (POV). If there was not any ritual of punishment, the lady may have done it again. It shows the rest of the people what will happen to them if they commit a similar crime. Punishments for offenses and crimes were often public and embarrassing. Charivari was a very scary thing for a person. Elizabeth Gaskell, an English author, talked about a woman who forced to ride stang after abusing the other sex. She said â€Å"They hunt the delinquent and mount her on their horse astride with her face to the tail. So they parade her through the nearest village or town, drowning her scolding and clamour with the noise of frying pans, just as you would scare a swarm of bees† (Doc. 8). The purpose of riding was embarrassment. It makes an impact on the suspect and the rest of the town. This allowed the people in the town to enforce laws. Europeans also used rituals and festivals to help support political ideas. A man named Giovanni di Carlo, a Dominican monk, wrote about when rich fathers and their sons would switch positions so the sons will know what to do when they are older. Giovanni says â€Å"their very sons had put on their clothes and the sons had learned all of their gestures, copying each and every one of  their actions and habits in an admirable way† (Doc. 1). The sons learn everything about their father, even the clothes they wear. It gives the father a chance to know what the sons go through and the sons to know how their father’s lives are. If this ritual was not in place, then the sons wouldn’t know what to expect when they are older or they wouldn’t have been able to bond with their dad. Henry Bourne, a man from Great Britain, commented on the rituals in the Scilly Islands. Henry states â€Å"The servant and his master are alike and everything is done with an equal freedom† (Doc. 6). Since Henry is not from Scilly Bourne, he does not know for sure if the servants are treated fairly, making his point bias (POV). This quote shows that the king treats his servant like family because it is a ritual. A police inspector from Toulouse, France showed that certain festivals or arguments had a specific goal. The police officer said â€Å"When a royalist widower of the Couteliers neighborhood remarried, he began receiving raucous visits night after night. Most people who took too active a part were sent to the police court. But that sort of prosecution was not very intimidating† (Doc. 7). This quote is saying that people really respect rituals and customs and if someone is going to break them they will be punished. People really cared about rituals and used festivals and punishment to show that they need to be followed. Festivals and rituals of traditional European society mainly served as enjoyment, enforcement of public rules, and political purposes in daily life.